Country Details
North Macedonia
Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
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Environment
Detailed information and insights
Environmental issues
air pollution from metallurgical plants, smoke from wood-burning stoves, and vehicle emissions
International environmental agreements
Party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Climate
warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Land use
Agricultural land
49.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 16.5% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 31.5% (2023 est.)
Forest
40.9% (2023 est.)
Other
9.5% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Urban population
59.5% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization
0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
Total emissions
7.369 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke
3.014 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids
3.682 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From consumed natural gas
673,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
28.7 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Waste and recycling
Municipal solid waste generated annually
627,000 tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled
4.9% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
Municipal
305.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Industrial
31.54 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Agricultural
139 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
6.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)