Country Details
San Marino
Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
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Environment
Detailed information and insights
Environmental issues
air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage
International environmental agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution
Climate
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Land use
Agricultural land
38.3% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Forest
16.7% (2023 est.)
Other
45% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Urban population
97.8% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization
0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
9.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Waste and recycling
Municipal solid waste generated annually
17,200 tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled
45.1% (2016 est.)