Country Details

Japan

Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula

Economy

Detailed information and insights

Economic overview

second-largest East Asian economy; trade-oriented and highly diversified; high public debt levels; following years of near-zero interest rates, gradual increases to address inflation and depreciation of yen; strong rebound in tourism; aging population poses challenges to labor force participation

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$5.715 trillion (2024 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$5.71 trillion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$5.627 trillion (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

Real GDP growth rate 2024

0.1% (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

1.5% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2022

0.9% (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita

Real GDP per capita 2024

$46,100 (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$45,900 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2022

$45,000 (2022 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$4.026 trillion (2024 est.)

Note

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

2.7% (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

3.3% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

2.5% (2022 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

Agriculture

0.9% (2023 est.)

Industry

28.6% (2023 est.)

Services

69.8% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use

Household consumption

55.5% (2022 est.)

Government consumption

21.6% (2022 est.)

Investment in fixed capital

26.3% (2022 est.)

Investment in inventories

0.5% (2022 est.)

Exports of goods and services

21.5% (2022 est.)

Imports of goods and services

-25.3% (2022 est.)

Agricultural products

rice, milk, sugar beets, vegetables, eggs, chicken, potatoes, onions, cabbages, pork (2023)

Note

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries

motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods

Industrial production growth rate

1.4% (2023 est.)

Note

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force

69.382 million (2024 est.)

Note

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate

Unemployment rate 2024

2.6% (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

2.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2022

2.6% (2022 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

Total

3.9% (2024 est.)

Male

4.2% (2024 est.)

Female

3.7% (2024 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020

32.3 (2020 est.)

Average household expenditures

On food

15.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

On alcohol and tobacco

2.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Lowest 10%

2.4% (2020 est.)

Highest 10%

23.9% (2020 est.)

Remittances

Remittances 2024

0.1% of GDP (2024 est.)

Remittances 2023

0.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2022

0.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Budget

Revenues

$661.986 billion (2022 est.)

Expenditures

$897.03 billion (2022 est.)

Public debt

Public debt 2022

215.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

Current account balance

Current account balance 2024

$194.257 billion (2024 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$156.592 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2022

$90.21 billion (2022 est.)

Exports

Exports 2024

$922.447 billion (2024 est.)

Exports 2023

$923.488 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2022

$922.813 billion (2022 est.)

Exports - partners

USA 19%, China 18%, Taiwan 6%, S. Korea 6%, Hong Kong 4% (2023)

Note

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities

cars, integrated circuits, machinery, vehicle parts/accessories, construction vehicles (2023)

Note

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports

Imports 2024

$965.047 billion (2024 est.)

Imports 2023

$996.364 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2022

$1.081 trillion (2022 est.)

Imports - partners

China 22%, USA 11%, Australia 8%, UAE 5%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2023)

Note

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment (2023)

Note

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$1.231 trillion (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$1.295 trillion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$1.228 trillion (2022 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

yen (JPY) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2024

151.366 (2024 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

140.491 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

131.498 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

109.754 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2020

106.775 (2020 est.)